Nature Humaine (amocalypse)
Survivalisme>Survivre matériellement>Zones à risques / Zones sûres>Afrique

Première version: 2014-10-27
Dernière version: 2018-12-19

# Afrique

Sommaire de la page

## Préambule

## Général

The entire African continent, with the exception of some coastal areas or deep river valley's, will remain above sea level even after the poles have melted. This would seem to place it in an enviable situation, especially in light of the moderate temperate climate the entire continent will enjoy in the new geography.

This must be balanced by special circumstance Africa struggles with, which will become worse before they get better. Plagues similar to the Ebola virus will spread, under the influence of the continuous rains and drizzle that run for decades after the shift, to all parts of Africa, stopped only by the seashore. The Ebola virus and its cousins live in swamps, passed among the creatures that live there, and these creatures will find all of Africa to their liking during this continuous wet season. Where the earthquakes that devastate cities in industrial countries will have little effect on the primitive structures most Africans call home, crop failure will drive survivors to eat what they can find, and these meals will infect them. Soon all but a tiny fraction of the populace, those with natural immunity to Ebola type viruses, will be gone.

Africa will be above the waves and as such will be a target for migrations after the pole shift, if not well beforehand. There are pro and con elements for life in the Aftertime in Africa. Today, most of the populace is self sustaining, except for those countries where drought has destroyed all chance of living off the land.

We have mentioned that the deserts of Africa will remain, despite the almost incessant drizzle expected in the first few years after the pole shift. Where the drizzle will not allow agriculture in the deserts, it will encourage the spread of the Ebola type viruses, which will emerge from the swamps and become a scourge.

Africa likewise has a large pool or AIDS infected people, who will if anything die faster when their immune systems drop, as they will everywhere on Earth, due to depression and shock. If there is lack of caution about spreading the virus via sex today, there will be even fewer precautions taken in the Aftertime, when rape will be common.

Those countries along the coast and with any degree of technological development, such as S Africa, will find themselves immensely popular as the pole shift approaches. S Africa in particular will be seen as a jumping off place for settlement of new land to emerge between the tip of S America and Africa. Land will be at a premium, and immigration will eventually be tightly restricted. Africa is a continent where people from India and Asia work and move freely, and as such will be inundated with immense numbers of

migrants from these areas when the reality of their sinking lands is made obvious. To the extent that Africa can support these immigrants, this is all to the good.

Hot spots indicate a rock weakness such that magma can sweep under the rock, heating the overlying rock.

Hot spots are frequently in stretch zones, as the many hot spots across Africa and in the African Rift show.

Unless the stretch pulls the rock apart sufficiently, no oozing of magma will occur.

The fact that the African Plate, during previous rolls, created mountain building can be seen on a relief map. Morocco and Algeria have mountains due to the rolling in the past. One can see in the mountains of

Spain and Italy and the Balcans and Turkey that this was the case there, too, in the past. The Alps

themselves were built during previous African rolls. But this time the African Plate will drop away

significantly, slipping to the south during the roll. This movement is possible because as the South Atlantic Rift tears open, there is room for the tip of Africa to slid into that void, thus dropping the entire African Plate as it rolls. The African Plate not only moves to the south during this process, it also further to the west, although the southern portion of Africa moves more in this direction more than the parts abutting the Mediterranean.

That said, why would the floor of the Mediterranean just above Algeria be more vulnerable than other areas during this roll? The border of the African Plate slices across northern Algeria, and thus when the plate rolls and drops, the Mediterranean floor there will suddenly find itself unsupported. Where the land mass housing Morocco and Algeria will not lose elevation, in the main, retaining its floatation strength to ride on the magma beneath, the floor of the Mediterranean is of a different composition. It will sink there,

unsupported on the African side where the plates will pull apart. The Mediterranean coastline of Algeria will then find more than tsunami worries as they will have a loss of elevation by 12 feet or more. Their coastline is not part of the African Plate. What sinks and what continues to float on the magma beneath is a factor of the rock density, and the floor of the Mediterranean above Algeria has only been floating as it has due to the connection with the African Plate. Elsewhere, where the Mediterranean floor spreads during the roll, the floor is either too deep for a change to be noticed or at a distance from the plate border.

Like the great crevasses that have been opening up in this region, the 7 of 10 stretch will not be

accompanied by great quakes. The stretch zone is silent, in the main. Jiggling and shuddering might occur, with minor quakes jolting now and then, but basically a silent process. Of course there will be lava,

hardening into a new surface, as the plates are being pulled apart and beneath the plates is magma. And

where the surface is thin, magma may bubble up. But the Red Sea will not be an explosive or erupting

volcanic region, as Hawaii is, because it will not be under pressure from colliding or compressing plates.

As the African Rift Valley spreads apart, Lake Victoria will grow in size, as will the other great lakes east of Victoria beyond the mountains to the west. Just as the rolling of the African Plate will widen the Red Sea, as it has in the past, those parts of Africa that are tearing apart will increase their spread. Since Africa is high land, this will not result in an invasion of seawater. Some elevation rise in the mountains along the tear should be expected, as the plate can bounce up there, being released from the surface tension that

existed prior to the rip.

The roll of Africa, as we have described, will be more of a twist in place, so that the southern tip of the African Plate shifts somewhat to the west, toward the void opened up by the spreading Atlantic Rift, while the plate overall drops enough that having the top part shift to the east does not do damage along the plate boundaries. The Straits of Gibraltar will open an additional 125 miles and the northern point at Morocco will move 50 miles further east. All points around the northern border of Africa will move

commensurately. S Africa will find itself similarly 125 miles further south, and westward by about 35

miles.

When the Africa Plate rolls to the east and drops, during the 7 of 10 scenarios, this will of course affect Egypt and its connection to the Sinai Peninsula. The Straits of Gibraltar will widen by 125 miles, as Africa drops, and Morocco will move 50 miles further east. Where the Sinai Peninsula is considered part of the

African Plate, the Red Sea is clearly ripping open. Thus both the Red Sea at the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba tearing up into Jordan will rip open, leaving the Sinai Peninsula positioned like an island with few direct attachments. We have stated that Egypt can find itself in the center of a migration route, as mankind will remember that a handy route into Africa exists there, and that Africa is a rich continent with a high elevation. Portions of Egypt may find itself under water when the sea level rises to 675 above today's level, but most will not be under water. But the crowd of people passing through Egypt will make survival there almost impossible. Any food grown will be taken.

Algeria: The great deserts of Africa will continue as deserts in the Aftertime, as air lifted off the new Equator will curl around and pass over the land now to the south of these deserts before passing over this land, thus will be depleted of moisture picked up over the Atlantic by the time it arrives. This will be the case in particular in Algeria, which have mountains to bump over on the way to the deserts, a known depletor of moisture during such an air lift. In that this is not so much a change as a continuity for Algeria, the people will adjust quickly to the change where the Sun is seen to rise in what had been the South.

ZetaTalk ™

Angola: The coastline along the volatile Atlantic will find itself well positioned for trade inland. Fishing along the coast will provide a source of food, when dried and salted, to be taken inland. Migrations from Europe, perpetually seeking to find the better life that must be somewhere around the bend, will migrate down the coastline all the way to S Africa, and thus will pass through. This will bring an multi-cultural aura to the area, making the seacoast communities a delight for the young, who will learn from their visitors, many of whom will settle.

ZetaTalk ™

Azores Islands: At the point where 3 great plates collide, the tiny Azores Plate participates in any plate movement of the others. This is a stretch zone, but when one of the plates rides up or down, vs a vs the others, it would experience jolts. All this just confirms that plate movement is occurring, the Atlantic spreading, the Africa Plate rolling. More to come!

The Azores are in a stretch region, so their tiny plate will not be pushed down. As the plate is lighter than the magma, it will continue to float throughout all trauma the region will experience. Tearing will occur during the 7 of 10, and during later phases of the Earth changes, but all will simply present an increasing stretch for the Azores. The Madeira islands likewise are not on a fault line but go for a ride on the high-riding African Plate. In all these matters, island safety involves surviving the sloshing of the oceans. It is often difficult to be 100 miles inland and 200 feet above sea level and to avoid tidal bore when mountain ravines are close to the coastline.

ZetaTalk ™

Botswana / Zambia: The highlands of Botswana and Zambia will be considered ideal by those wanting the safety and climate of Africa during the Aftertime, and with enough funds to do this in style. Close to the industrialization of South Africa, at a distance from the steaming equatorial humidity of the Congo, these lands seem dry, arable, defensible, and accessible from a country friendly to the colonialist attitude, South Africa. Thus, these countries are likely to find well stocked and serious visitors preceding the shift, intent on being the dominant force in the region after the shift. What will be unexpected is the disease that will invade the area, despite any defenses. Africa, from Uganda to South Africa, is riddled with AIDS, and

under the continuous drizzle that will accompany the shift, for years, Ebola type viruses will emerge from the swamps and be everywhere, in the kitchens, in the rodents and lizards, infecting the water supply and the servants and inevitably the masters. Those with natural immunity to these diseases, who are few, will be the survivors, the plans to be king in the Aftertime only a whisper in the mist.

ZetaTalk ™

Canary Islands: The Canary Islands stand jutting out into the Atlantic, close to both the old and new equator and thus with a delightful climate and ocean breezes. Storms are their only concern, and storms will be their undoing during the pole shift. With ocean water on all sides, and nothing to break the wind, they will be subject to overwash from massive ocean waves colliding as water moves both to and from the poles, and into and out of the Mediterranean. Hurricane force winds likewise will batter these tiny islands full force, so seeking high points on the islands as an escape from the huge waves will only get one washed away. Would be survivors are advised to seek a home elsewhere, until long after the shift has passed.

Will La Palma volcano in the Canary Islands, which is already damaged, experience an earthquake and fall into the sea prior to the pole shift and thereby cause a huge tsunami? It has long been postulated that the Canary Islands are fragile, and will collapse into the sea upon another quake, creating a tsunami. This is a human theory, and absurd. First, monstrously high waves are not caused by displacement of water across

the ocean, as water moves in all directions, and the pressure reduces steadily during the distance traveled.

Do these human theorists presume that tunnel vision exists in the ocean, such that pressure only moves in one direction? This is akin to the human propensity to divide what they are dealing with into tiny bits, and only consider a bit at a time, as though putting the bits together is too much of a headache. Thus, Newton's supposed Laws are considered separately from Einstein’s math, as they don't work together. A land slide, under water, will create not a force of water moving across the ocean, but a void causing water to fill that void. Thus, a swirl of water, moving into the void and then out again, would occur, locally.

The Canary Islands lies along the border of the African and Eurasian plates, but these giants will not collide during the forthcoming pole shift nor in the plate movements that occur prior to the pole shift. As we have explained, Africa will drop as it rolls during the 7 of 10 scenarios, thus relieving pressure in the region of the Canary Islands. Thus, except for roiling water which will make the beaches unsafe during Africa's 7 of 10 roll, the Canary Islands will survive the 7 of 10 relatively unscathed. Where much has been made of a volcanic shelf from the La Palma volcano, potentially dropping into the Atlantic and starting a huge tsunami heading toward the East Coast of N America, we have stated otherwise. This will be at most an underwater landslide on the island, creating local tsunami only when it occurs. However, the Canary Islands will not fare well during the forthcoming pole shift. Despite some of the islands having an elevation in the interior over 1,000 feet above sea level, anyone on the islands during the pole shift can expect to be washed away by the colliding and wind-whipped waves.

Chad / Niger / Mali: Countries in sub-Sahara Africa have long suffered over creeping encroachment of the desert and the burden on those able to grow crops and sustain wildlife to feed more of their countrymen.

The new climate that will emerge in the Aftertime will bring cloudy days, almost without letup, and a

foggy drizzle that will do less to encourage the vegetation in the area than encourage rot. Bugs will

flourish, and survivors of the shit, who will be many as they will primarily be out in the open for the great quakes and free from volcanic ash fallout, will cast about for a new diet. Bugs will be pursued by rodents and frogs and birds who will be pursued by snakes, and varieties not familiar to the survivors, but migrants.

Thus the challenge will be to sort out what is edible, what is poisonous, and what makes for a balanced diet.

ZetaTalk ™

Congo: The heart of Africa, perpetually on the Equator, the Congo will find itself in a more temperate location after the Shift. The existing vegetation will do well in the continuous drizzle that occurs for years following a shift, but the lack of sunlight will change the dynamics. Lands rich in vegetation, jungles, often find man living harmoniously with nature only because there is a wealth of food sources. But when this dynamic changes, harmony is the first thing to go. Hungry predators will take out man, in attacks unlike any in the memory of the horrified tribes. They will be relentless. Creatures normally kept to the swamps, some even unknown to man, will emerge to slither about the villages, eating all they can wrap around or swallow, including small adults as well as children. Without crops, which require sunlight on occasion, man will turn to what nature can provide and find competition meeting them in the jungle. Hunters will be eaten, those waiting for their return not finding them even if a rescue party is sent forth. In time all life forms will either consume their food sources or be killed, resulting in a diminished population, both human and animal. Thus living in the drizzle, the survivors will eventually emerge into sunlight., where vegetation flourishes and the ever present smell of rot is lost in the breeze.

ZetaTalk ™

Egypt: Egypt will find itself in demand as a traffic lane in the days before the shift, as many fearful of the earthquakes and increasingly exploding volcanoes in lands to the east and north will attempt to travel to lands in Africa known to be stable. Crossing Arabia is not viable, due to the desert, and the Red Sea has its obvious land bridge at Egypt, thus migration will focus there. Attempting to stop the human horde will only cause it to flow like water, around barriers. After the shift, the bridge will be broken, but due to the water wash that will occur between the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the River Nile, there will be little left of coastal areas to salvage. Those in Egypt who hope to survive should move inland from the coastal areas well before the week of rotation stoppage, out of the traffic lane, ideally.

ZetaTalk ™

Cairo: Cairo is staged for drama during the shift, as it is positioned at the mouth of the Red Sea into the Mediterranean. The Red Sea will rip apart further during the shift, considerably, creating a void which will draw water from the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean. In addition to the sloshing that takes place during a shift, these waters will rush in and clash with each other, creating a chaotic situation. Add to this flooding of the River Nile, as all rivers around the world will be pressed beyond their banks. Cairo will find water surging through its streets, coming from all directions, melting soil under tall buildings so they crumble. Those wanting sure survival should go inland into high ground, based on rock, not soft soil, until the shift has passed. In any case, due to being relatively low land, Cairo will be not be above water for long when the existing poles melt.

ZetaTalk ™

Ethiopia / Somalia / Kenya / Uganda: The Horn of Africa, Somali, is war-lord prone, given to the battle craze for many long years and will not give this stance up going into times of hardship. They will become mercenaries, on the rove. This will force their neighbors in Ethiopia and Kenya to defend themselves, and not in a polite manner. The outcome of these types of battles, in normal times, depends upon how well supplied an army is, but in lean times migrating mercenaries do not fare well. They are used to living on looting, what they can commandeer with guns and by being ruthless brutes, their reputation pressing all who hear them coming to lay out the goods before confrontations emerge. But in lean times, where death is the outcome for those about to be looted, something else emerges - resistance. Communities and their livestock disappear, and the marauders find little to feed themselves and fall to infighting among themselves. Thus weakened, they are picked at from the bushes along roadsides, until the remnants falter and fall. Such a process may take years, even decades, but the outcome is certain.

ZetaTalk ™

Ghana / Nigeria / Cameroon / Gabon: Hurricanes and monsoons develop along the Equator for a reason, this being not only the warm ocean currents but also the effect the turning Earth has on water and air along the Equator, where it is pulled outward due to centrifugal force, and curled round back to areas to the north and south of the Equator where there is less pressure. During the hour of the shift, the splitting Atlantic will create a draw, pulling the cold water from the south pole up toward the lands of Equatorial Africa which jut out creating a barrier. The land will slide first east, while the Atlantic rips, then north somewhat as the globe tips, then south as the Pacific compresses and the Atlantic rips freely. This will cause the atmosphere, dry from the deserts inland, to rush first out into the Atlantic Ocean, where they will pick up an immense amount of moisture, being super heated from the inland deserts, thence encounter cold air coming from the north during the brief drag north, where the supermoist air will start to condense, then be driven at

hurricane force over the lands jutting out into this mix, such as Ghana, where the water will dump. In the Atlantic Ocean, likewise, the water will first be drawn toward the South Pole as rotation stops for a week, thence to pulled back into the void formed by the ripping Atlantic, causing great swirls and down drafts that will take down any hapless boats afloat. The combination of swirling water and air will create more of a deluge inland, washing all along the rivers out to sea and a quick drowning. Survivors are advised to go well inland, several hundred miles from the coast, to avoid such a fate. Afterwards, due to Africa's

relatively high land and advantageous position stretched out along the new Equator, those living near the coast will find living temperate and ocean fishing a good source of food.

ZetaTalk ™

Ivory Coast / Senegal / Sierra Leon / Guinea: African nations lying in the path of the Atlantic Ocean as it moves from the Equator to the Poles during the week of rotation stoppage, thence back into the void

created by a ripping Atlantic Rift, thence sloshing back as the land moves under the Atlantic during the hour of the shift, will find the concept of a hurricane mild to describe the wind born water that will assault their coastline. Africa is blessed with high land, being well above sea level, so the close proximity of mountains is not a requirement for safety during this storm. Move inland, however, as far as possible to the extent of putting hundreds of miles between the coastline and would-be survivors, and stay away from river

banks which will rush water dumped inland back out to the sea. After the shift, such coastline countries will find they are well situated for ocean fishing, and will remain tropical in their new climate zone.

ZetaTalk ™

Libya: As a continuing desert, Libya will be protected from onslaughts of migrating peoples from Europe and the Arab countries, as these migrants will turn toward the land they recall having rainfall and crops, instead. Thus, they will flow around Libya, leaving her to her fortunes.

ZetaTalk ™

Madagascar: Madagascar shares space on a high old plate with Africa, and as such will not experience unexpected adjustments in subduction or shattering during quakes. It likewise has a high elevation, and

much of Madagascar will remain above water after the existing poles melt. The tropical climate it

experiences today will cool slightly due to being closer to the new South Pole, India, but will still be a fertile and temperate island. The primary problem Madagascar will experience will be assaults during the shift itself from the Indian Ocean, which will first rise slightly as the week of rotation causes water to migrate toward the pole from the equator, then receive a steady flood tide from the Pacific which will

empty it's water from the shortening Pacific into, among others, the Indian Ocean, then sudden drops as

India goes under the Hymalayas, and all this turmoil causing roiling waters throughout. Thus, massive

flood tides running the water up into the highlands via tidal bore, even to washing over the mountains to the lands on the Africa side of the island, will occur. Many will be washed out to sea, and drown.

Mauritania: As with all of Africa, surviving the pole shift is but a small part of the survival picture.

Mauritania will fare well geographically after the shift, stretching out along the new Equator, so that it is comfortably in a warm temperate zone. Geological, the land is high enough above sea level so that almost all of Mauritania remains above sea level even after the existing poles have melted. Migrants from the

Middle East or Europe may find their way into Africa, seeking a warmer Aftertime climate or more land

area as the melting poles swallow much of Europe. All the more reason to stay out of sight and with a low profile, to avoid possible confrontations with avaricious travelers.

ZetaTalk ™

Morocco: Morocco will continue to be a tropical country after the shift, lying along the new equator.

Africa as a continent will find itself above the new oceans after the poles have melted, in the main, being on remarkably high ground throughout the continent. As with all countries lying along large water pools, cautions against being along the coast when tidal waves and sloshing can occur should be considered.

Morocco’s most serious danger comes not from nature but from man, as after the shift desperate survivors from Europe will try to ford over into Africa for food and land. As that the region, today, is primarily desert, there will be many battles over food, and pending starvation can make those who are starving

vicious as well as desperate.

ZetaTalk ™

Tanzania / Mozambique / Rhodesia: With access to the ocean, survivors will soon find their best source of food to be in the oceans. After the shift, the burping volcanoes put CO2 into the atmosphere, which is best pulled into vegetation in the great kelp beds in the oceans. Water migrates, spreading nutrients and fish in all directions, so all the oceans eventually rebound, and heartily. Survivors are encouraged to plan for this outcome, becoming familiar with fishing practices, and planning to move toward the coastlines after the shift.

ZetaTalk ™

Reunion Islands: Reunion Island may be a delightful habitat today, but will be a trap during the pole shift.

Distanced by water from the African mainland or other sources of safety, those remaining on Reunion will find themselves roasted on the one side by exploding volcanoes and awash with foul waves as the Indian

Ocean sloshes first toward the South Pole, then back, forcefully, into the chasm caused by the subducting India. Few will live, and those that do will be filled with regrets that they remained in their island paradise, lingering too long.

ZetaTalk ™

South Africa: South Africa will fare well after the pole shift, due to it's close location to the new equator and high ground. Being relatively remote as an industrialized country, it may also fare well in retaining some of its technology, being used to relying upon itself rather than others. Some electricity will most likely be generated, and road repairs done. Imported food stuffs will stop after the shift, but with an

improved climate and distance from volcanoes, some crop growing will succeed. South Africa's largest

problem will be during the shift itself, as it lies between the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. During India's subduction, an actual suction will occur there, drawing water. When the Atlantic widens, a similar situation will occur. During the week when rotation stops, the waters of the earth will drift toward the poles, so during the shift will have a tendency to rush to fill the gaps in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Water on the move is unpredictable and forceful, and South Africa will stick out into this maelstrom unprotected. Those wanting to survive the shift should move well inland and return only after water sloshing has stopped, a period of several days, to be safe.

Our statement regarding the grid surviving in South Africa should not come as a surprise. Their main

problem will be the sloshing expected along their coastlines and the scouring of water rushing to and fro between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. It also is more than 100 miles from any volcano, and will not be directly downwind from ash after the pole shift. South Africa does not sink or mountain build, nor is it riddled with fault lines. It is, rather, on solid rock, and not the type of rock subject to sinkholes or the type of soil subject to landslides. It is also primarily a rural country, so that agriculture can continue and the greater damage restricted to cities. Thus, beyond the damage that magnitude 9 quakes and hurricane force winds will do, its infrastructure will hold. Electrical grids are poles and wires and substations. Where all are likely to be damaged, they are repairable from inventory items at hand. Thus, our prediction that the grid will be operations, at least to some degree, after the pole shift in South Africa.

That S Africa is a seismically inactive location can be seen from the media reaction to a mere 3.1 in 2003, and a history of a 6.5 as being the "last big one". This is not to minimize or ridicule concerns about a nuclear power plant in the vicinity. As we have stated, these power plants have automatic controls that shut the reactor down at the slightest hint of earthquake. They also have redundant electrical systems, to avoid the possibility of an outage disabling the control. Your concerns during the 7 of 10 roll, which will of course jolt Africa, are thus unwarranted.

ZetaTalk ™

Cape Town: Cape Town will find itself caught in the flow of sociological changes as well as positioned for high drama during the shift. Being at the tip of Africa, where raging water flowing between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans will drag all boats not securely moored out to sea in a torrent, the Cape will be aghast at the power of water on the move, not seen in the memory of man. The entire continent of Africa will

continue to experience a moderate climate after the shift, and being high land will not be greatly flooded, but starvation and the quest for a better life will cause migrating peoples to arrive at the Cape, where a migration must in any case stop, being at land’s end. Due to our prediction that new land will pop up

between the tip of South American and the tip of Africa, quests will set forth seeking this land, in the years after the shift. Cape Town will thus seem like the coastal cities of Europe during the last millennium, when boats set out for the rumored lands of the Americas.

ZetaTalk ™

Sudan: The Sudan is starving now, and with the lack of sunlight expected during the gloom that follows every pole shift, for years, will be unable to bury the bodies. Weakened by year of inadequate nutrition, the seed and livestock depleted, they have little to fall back upon. Add to this the numbers barely hanging on due to imported aid, which will stop, and the death rate will be immense and swift. Those to the south will find their numbers increasing due to migration from Europe and Arab lands, pressing survival there on all fronts. This will erupt into territorial battles, travelers killed on the pathways and neighbors raiding each other. Not a pleasant outcome.

Swaziland: Swaziland is far enough from the coastline and with a high enough elevation that the western 2/3 of the country will do well through both the pole shift tides and the Aftertime rise in sea level to 675

feet above today's elevation. After the pole shift, this small country will find that the ocean front has arrived at its door, so ocean fishing will be an option for the populace. As with most countries who will have a temperate climate in the Aftertime and a location safe from flooding and volcanic ash, Swaziland will find its very desirability to be its greatest worry. People will migrate, deliberately, to this small country and attempt to take it over by force of wealth and brute determination. Those native to this country should

examine any offers they get with a sharp eye, for these reasons.

à suivre...